![]() ![]() In µPIV, the local flow field can be reconstructed through tracking in real time the movement of micro-sized beads in a 3D volume of space via a microscope. However, this approach is known to overlook the perturbation to the flow caused by the cells in the PPFC 4, 5.Īn imaging technique called micro-particle image velocimetry (µPIV 2, 6) is able to characterise the flow at microscale level, thus, it can be used to investigate and monitor the behaviour of the local flow around the cells in mechanotransduction studies. wall shear stress, WSS) inside a PPFC are often analytically estimated in literature. ![]() Due to its simple geometry, the flow velocity and the FSS on the cell-seeded channel wall (i.e. mechanotransduction), parallel plate flow chambers (PPFC) have been widely employed to apply mechanical stimuli to cells via the perfusion of culture media 2, 3. To study the process of translating mechanical stimulation to cellular response (i.e. Similar content being viewed by othersĪs a potent mechanical stimulus to bone tissue, fluid-induced shear stress (FSS) has been shown to trigger a wide variety of cellular behaviour changes in vitro 1. This is an important characteristic for rapidly evolving biological systems where there is the necessity to monitor in real time entire volumes to correlate the sample responses to the external forces. Compared to standard confocal laser scanning microscope, MUM offers a clear advantage in acquisition speed for µPIV (over 300 times faster). Using live cells as an exemplar, MUM observed the effect of changing cell morphology on the local flow during perfusion. ![]() Using fixed cells, MUM imaged the flow perturbations at sub-cellular level, which showed characteristics similar to those observed in the literature. It was shown that MUM can achieve an accuracy on the calculated velocity of around (0.52 ± 0.19) µm/s. A diffraction based multifocal relay was used to capture images from three different planes with 630 nm axial spacing from which the axial positions of the flow-tracing particles were calculated using the image sharpness metric. Multifocal microscopy (MUM), a technique to capture multiple fields of view (FOVs) from distinct axial planes simultaneously and on one camera, was used to perform micro-particle image velocimetry (µPIV) to reconstruct velocity and shear stress fields imposed by a liquid flowing around a cell. ![]()
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